Malhar, Chhattisgarh: A Tapestry of History, Legends, and Archaeological Marvels

Introduction:

Malhar, a quaint town situated in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh, India, unfolds as a treasure trove of historical significance and archaeological wonders. Once a thriving city and capital in the 1st millennium, today, Malhar showcases a blend of village charm and ancient ruins. This blog explores the rich tapestry of Malhar, from its historical importance to its archaeological sites and cultural legends.

Historical Significance:

Inscribed in history as Mallar, Mallari, and Sarabhapur, Malhar played a crucial role as a major city and capital in ancient times. Over the years, it has transitioned into a village-like setting with mounds and remnants of an ancient fort, reminiscent of its glorious past. The town is adorned with two restored Shiva temples and a museum housing the remains of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist temples, reflecting its archaeological prominence.

Oldest Vishnu Sculpture:

Malhar takes pride in hosting the oldest-known sculpture of Vishnu, dated to approximately 200 BCE. This ancient artifact features a four-armed figure of Vishnu holding a shankha (conch), chakra (discus), and gada (mace), offering a glimpse into the region's early artistic and religious heritage.

Legends and Mythology:

According to ancient Indian literature and epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata, Malhar finds its roots in the Kosala Kingdom. Legend has it that Kusha, son of Lord Rama, established his capital, Kushasthalipura, near the Vindhya mountain range, close to present-day Malhar. This historical connection adds a mythical aura to the town, making it a significant site in the context of Indian mythology.

Archaeological Sites:

Malhar boasts numerous ancient temples, including the Pataleshwar temple, Devri temple, and Dindeshwari temple. Archaeological excavations have revealed deposits and Jain memorials, offering a glimpse into the town's multi-faceted history. The four-handed idol of Vishnu stands as a testament to the region's artistic and religious heritage.

Excavation Periods:

The excavation at Malhar has uncovered the history of various kingdoms that ruled South Kosala over different periods:

1. Protohistoric Period (c. 1000 BCE to 350 BCE)

2. Maurya, Shunga, Satavahana Period (c. 350 BCE to 300 CE)

3. Sharabhapuriya and Somvavamshi Period (c. 300 to 650 CE)

4. Later Somavamshi Period (c. 650 to 900 CE)

5. Kalachuri Period (c. 900 to 1300 CE)

Archaeological Significance:

Malhar is listed among the "Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of National Importance" by the Archaeological Survey of India. The town's archaeological sites provide a glimpse into the rich tapestry of South Kosala's history, making it a captivating destination for history enthusiasts and archaeologists alike.

In conclusion, Malhar stands as a living testament to India's historical and cultural richness, inviting visitors to explore its ancient marvels and unravel the tales of kingdoms that once flourished on its sacred soil.